C.Eu 1
This single-line inscription was discovered in 1894 by E. Hula and E. Szanto during their archaeological journey through Caria. It was found in the village of Mendelia (modern Selimiye), located near the ruins of Euromos, where it was built into a courtyard wall of a private house. The text is inscribed along the top of a quadrangular stone block. The original stone has not been seen by scholars since its initial discovery and is currently considered lost. A cast and drawings are currently preserved at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. The inscription is funerary in nature, beginning with the Carian word śas (or as), which is interpreted as “tomb” or “stele”. It contains an onomastic formula read by modern scholars as ktais idyrik̑ś, likely identifying the deceased and their father.
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1 śas ktais idyrik̑ś mn[os?]
C.Eu 2
Discovered in 1934 by Louis Robert, this four-line inscription was found near the ruins of Euromos on a hill slope north of the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos. It is carved into a marble block (140 x 26 cm) that served as an upper crossbeam or cover for a local well, where it was still located in situ during the 2010s. However, during a visit in 2026, the block could not be located. This document is notable for not being funeral inscription in nature as it lacks the typical Carian vocabulary for tombs. It appears to be a dating formula mentioning an eponymous priest named Temali. The inscription likely dates to the 4th or 3rd century BCE.
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1 qmoλ k̑i temali
2 śδun śośniabkoλ
3 armon qyrbmuδoλo
4 manon
C.Eu 3
Discovered in 2021 by Abuzer Kızıl south of the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos, this four-line inscription is carved on the left leg of a coarse limestone kouros statue that is roughly life size. It is written from right to left and exhibits archaic features, such as letter forms no longer used in the 4th century BCE. The text is highly impenetrable but likely includes demonstrative pronouns and terms related to the divine. It is paleographically archaic (6th century BCE), featuring letters like j and w no longer used by the 4th century BCE.
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1 areom/k?k̑
2 kyšyδxxp/s?i?
3 trajn šanx wksomka[?
4 sasetom sann msi[?
C.Eu 4(?)
Found in 2022 near the north façade of the Zeus Lepsynos Temple, this text is on a fragment of a marble round altar. The text runs in a spiral and records a votive onomastic formula including the name Pntmu-. It dates to the Archaic period (6th century BCE), based on archaeological context and the archaic form of the letter r.
Kızıl & Adiego 2023:
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1 k-?[
2 ]n | pntmu[
3 ]atarś
References:
Adiego, I.- J. 2007. The Carian Language, Leiden/Boston. (C.Eu 1–C.Eu 2)
Adiego, I.- X. 2020. “The beginning of the Carian inscription of Euromos C.Eu 2. A new reading and interpretation,” Kadmos 59, 129–143.
Blümel, W. 1988. “Epigraphische Forschungen in der Region von Mylasa,” Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı 6, 261–264. (262)
Blümel, W. 2018. Inschriften aus Nordkarien, Bonn.
Hula, E. & Szanto, E. 1894. Bericht über eine Reise in Karien, Vienna. (10)
Kızıl, A. & Adiego, I.-X. 2021. “A new Carian inscription on the left leg of a kouros found south of the Temple of Zeus Lepsynos in Euromos,” Kadmos 60, 83–98. (C.Eu 3)
Kızıl, A. & Adiego, I.-X. 2023. “A round altar with a Carian inscription from Euromos,” Kadmos 62, 43–51.
Meier, M. 1978. “Karika,” Kadmos 17, 76–84. (78–79)
Sitz, A. 2019. “Inscribing Caria: The Perseverance of Epigraphic Traditions in Late Antiquity,” in Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus, eds. S. Mitchell, P. Pilhofer, Leiden–Boston, 201–225. (204, 220–221)
Images:
E. Hula & E. Szanto, 1894
W. Blümel, 1988, 2018
A. Sitz, 2019
A. Kızıl & I.- X. Adiego, 2021, 2023